Sunday, 2 April 2017
Friday, 31 March 2017
Series of The Harry Potter
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Name:- Poojaba S.GohilClass:- M.A.Sem-4
Paper No.:- 13 The New Literature
Assignment Topic:- Series Of The Harry Potter
Submitted To:- MKBU Dept Of English
Year:- 2015-17
Name:- Poojaba S.GohilClass:- M.A.Sem-4
Paper No.:- 13 The New Literature
Assignment Topic:- Series Of The Harry Potter
Submitted To:- MKBU Dept Of English
Year:- 2015-17
Harry
Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter
novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner
Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter
and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and
the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011).
The
series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe,
Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson as the three leading characters: Harry
Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger. Four directors worked on the
series: Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, and David Yates.The
screenplays were written by Steve Kloves, with the exception of Harry
Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007), which was written by Michael
Goldenberg. Production took over ten years to complete, with the main
story arc following Harry Potter's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord
Voldemort.
"Harry Potter is the kind of
timeless literary achievement that comes around once in a lifetime.
Since the books have generated such a passionate following across the
world, it was important to us to find a director that has an affinity
for both children and magic. I can't think of anyone more ideally suited
for this job than Chris [Columbus]".
— Lorenzo di Bonaventura, Warner Bros.
— Lorenzo di Bonaventura, Warner Bros.
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone:-
Harry
Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is the first novel in the Harry
Potter series and J. K. Rowling's debut novel, first published in 1997
by Bloomsbury. It was published in the United States as Harry Potter and
the Sorcerer's Stone by Scholastic Corporation in 1998. The plot
follows Harry Potter, a young wizard who discovers his magical heritage
as he makes close friends and a few enemies in his first year at the
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. With the help of his
friends, Harry faces an attempted comeback by the dark wizard Lord
Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he
was just a year old.
Harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has
been attacked by several religious groups and banned in some countries
because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft, but other
religious commentators have written that the book exemplifies important
viewpoints, including the power of self-sacrifice and the ways in which
people's decisions shape their personalities. The series has been used
as a source of object lessons in educational techniques, sociological
analysis and marketing.
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets:-
Harry
Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is the second novel in the Harry
Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling. The plot follows Harry's second
year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, during which a
series of messages on the walls of the school's corridors warn that the
"Chamber of Secrets" has been opened and that the "heir of Slytherin"
would kill all pupils who do not come from all-magical families.
These threats are found after attacks which leave residents of the school "petrified" (frozen like stone). Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks.
Much like with other novels in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets triggered religious debates; some religious authorities have condemned its use of magical themes, while others have praised its emphasis on self-sacrifice and on the way in which a person's character is the result of the person's choices.
These threats are found after attacks which leave residents of the school "petrified" (frozen like stone). Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks.
Much like with other novels in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets triggered religious debates; some religious authorities have condemned its use of magical themes, while others have praised its emphasis on self-sacrifice and on the way in which a person's character is the result of the person's choices.
Several
commentators have noted that personal identity is a strong theme in the
book, and that it addresses issues of racism through the treatment of
non-magical, non-human and non-living characters. Some commentators
regard the diary as a warning against uncritical acceptance of
information from sources whose motives and reliability cannot be
checked. Institutional authority is portrayed as self-serving and
incompetent.
The book is also known to have some connections to the sixth novel of the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.
The film adaptation of the novel, released in 2002, became (at that time) the seventh highest-grossing film ever and received generally favourable reviews. Video games loosely based on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms, and most obtained favourable reviews.
The film adaptation of the novel, released in 2002, became (at that time) the seventh highest-grossing film ever and received generally favourable reviews. Video games loosely based on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms, and most obtained favourable reviews.
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban:-
Harry
Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is the third novel in the Harry
Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling. The book follows Harry Potter, a
young wizard, in his third year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry. Along with friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, Harry
investigates Sirius Black, an escaped prisoner from Azkaban who they
believe is one of Lord Voldemort's old allies.
The
film adaptation of the novel was released in 2004, grossing more than
$796 million and earned notable critical acclaim. Video games loosely
based on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban were also released for
several platforms, and most obtained favourable reviews.
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire:-
Harry
Potter and the Goblet of Fire is the fourth novel in the Harry Potter
series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. It follows Harry
Potter, a wizard in his fourth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry and the mystery surrounding the entry of Harry's name into the
Triwizard Tournament, in which he is forced to compete.
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix:-
Harry
Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth novel in the Harry
Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling. It follows Harry Potter's
struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord
Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic.
The
novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United
Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. Five
million copies were sold in the first 24 hours of publication.It is the
longest book of the series.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince:-
Harry
Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is the sixth and penultimate novel in
the Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. Set
during protagonist Harry Potter's sixth year at Hogwarts, the novel
explores the past of Harry's nemesis, Lord Voldemort, and Harry's
preparations for the final battle against Voldemort alongside his
headmaster and mentor Albus Dumbledore.
Reviewers
noted that the book took on a darker tone than its predecessors, though
it did contain some humour. Some considered the main themes to be love
and death, and trust and redemption. The character development of Harry
and several other teenage characters was also remarked upon.
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows:-
Harry
Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the seventh and final novel of the
Harry Potter series, written by British author J. K. Rowling. The book
was released on 21 July 2007 by Bloomsbury Publishing in the United
Kingdom, in the United States by Scholastic, and in Canada by Raincoast
Books, ending the series that began in 1997 with the publication of
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.
The
title of the book refers to three mythical objects featured in the
story, collectively known as the "Deathly Hallows"—an unbeatable wand, a
stone to bring the dead to life, and a cloak of invisibility.
Major themes in the novel are death and living in a corrupted society, and critics have compared them to Christian allegories. Generally well-received, the book won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award, and the American Library Association named it a "Best Book for Young Adults". A two-part film adaptation began showing in November 2010 when Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was released; Part 2 was released on 15 July 2011.
Major themes in the novel are death and living in a corrupted society, and critics have compared them to Christian allegories. Generally well-received, the book won the 2008 Colorado Blue Spruce Book Award, and the American Library Association named it a "Best Book for Young Adults". A two-part film adaptation began showing in November 2010 when Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was released; Part 2 was released on 15 July 2011.
Thank You...
The effect of Colonialism in 'Things Fall Apart'
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Name:- Poojaba S.Gohil
Class:- M.A.Sem-4
Paper No.:- 14 The African Literature
Assignment Topic:- The effect of Colonialism in 'Things Fall Apart'
Submitted To:- MKBU Dept Of English
Year:- 2015-17
Introduction:-
Things Fall Apart is a post-colonial novel written by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe
in 1958. This novel is about the history of African culture, community
which was suppressed one. Likewise this novel separated into three parts
such as:
First section, it is describing his family and personal history, the customs and society of the Ibo.
Second
section and Third sections, it is introducing the influence of British
colonialism and Christian missionaries on the Ibo community.
Things
Fall Apart was first published in 1958.Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe
portrays a stunning moment in African history- the imposition of
colonial rule with sympathy and dignity, focusing on the complexity and
integrity of pre-colonial Igbo life, and the turmoil resulting from
British rule.
Chinua Achebe’s goals were modest when he began to conceive and write Things Fall Apart in the early 1950s:
‘I
was quite certain that I was going to try my hand at writing, and one
of the things that set me thinking was Joyce Cary’s novel set in
Nigeria, Mister Johnson, which was praised so much, and it was clear to
me that this was a most superficial picture… and so I thought if this
was famous, then perhaps someone ought to try and look at this from the
inside’.
Achebe’s project of looking at
Nigerian culture from the inside was going to move more slowly than he
might have expected, however.
Achebe's novel can mostly be seen as a narrative on the life of a
single member in an African tribe, but on a bigger and deeper
perspective, the book embodies the collective situation and life of the
African people at the time wherein outside forces are trying to change
the traditional practices of the people. In the novel, the strong
warrior by the name of Okonkwo is depicted as the protagonist and his
various struggles concerning his tribe and the changing times are shown.
Okonkwo is heralded as a most apt and
talented farmer from the clan of Umuofia and has become quite known for
having such positive and appreciated traits. However, Okonkwo is having a
hard time in trying to reign in his personality as he refrains from
becoming like his father while trying to keep with the traditions and
culture of his people. In the end though, as the English colonizers try
to teach the people regarding the “truth” on God and certain practices,
Okonkwo realizes that he cannot keep up with the changing times. He
takes his own life in the end as the remaining people of his clan fully
embrace change and the new things that the colonizers are teaching them.
Colonialism:-
Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in one territory by a political power from another territory.
Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in one territory by a political power from another territory.
From the very beginning African
people suffers and struggled lot. That’s why they conditioned by such
things and believed that they are inferior. But in this novel we can
clearly see the real voice of Chinua Achebe. Sometimes it happens that
native people habituated by white people and don’t think to their own
way.
The connection between Achebe’s reading
of the colonial novel and his decision to become a writer is fundamental
to our understanding of the cultural function of Things Fall Apart: ‘I
suddenly saw that these books had to be read in a different light.
Reading Heart of Darkness, for instance… I realized that I was one of
those savages jumping up and down on the beach. Once that kind of
enlightenment comes to you, you realize that someone has to write a
different story’.
In the novel, it is quite
evident that Okonkwo is the central figure. However, his life is not the
central point or theme in the novel. Instead, the theme relies on how
the battle of tradition versus modernization takes place in the form of
the culture of Okonkwo's clan and the teachings of the English
colonizers; as how Gikandi (2000) puts it:
The central theme of the novel is what happens to the values that
define Okonkwo's cultural community, and his own sense of moral order,
when the institutions he and fought so hard to sustain collapse in the
face of European colonialism.
It may be seen
that European colonialism is something which is vile as it has totally
destroyed the culture and traditions of a group of people which in turn
destroyed their identity. However, in how Okonkwo and his tribesmen
practice their tradition, it can be seen that colonialism also has good
effects since it has stripped the rather inhumane and illogical
practices of the people such as how they exalt cultural violence. This
type of violence can be seen in certain practices they had like “ritual
sacrifices, punishment for crimes, and other kinds of communal
sanctioned violence” which is normal and accepted by the clan but is not
entirely humane to the missionaries (Hoegberg, 1999, 69). Of all the
positive effects of colonialism as appearing in the novel and more than
the economic progress it brings, it is the lessening of ignorance of the
clan and the opening of the avenue for new knowledge and erasure of
such violent cultural practices which is more poignant and more
impacting.
On the other hand, colonialism
has also had its negative and appalling effects by how the missionaries
and the European officers have completely stripped the identity of the
tribe and more than forced them to accept the new teachings while
eradicating the tribe's previous teachings with the argument that such
things were not true. It is not a matter of whether such traditions are
true or not—what matters is that a person practices ethical customs that
does not strip away the basic human right of anybody. Ironically, while
colonialism wanted to put forth new knowledge on “true” faith and
eradicating unlawful customs, the nature of forcing the Christian faith
towards people who are reluctant to accept them can also be judged as an
unlawful act.
In conclusion, there are
many aspects of how colonialism can affect a certain group or certain
person as how it was portrayed in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart.
Economically and socially, colonialism shows its effects by the growing
opportunities given to people, making them more prosperous and more open
to a wide avenue of profits and discovery. On the aspect of culture,
religion and traditional practices, it is inevitable that those things
take a complete turn for change as people would tend to be more open or
forced to new knowledge and information, making them re-think on the
previous things they do know and practice.These aspects in turn affect
the most important facet of the person or the people which is the
psychological aspect—in trying to influence how a person or the group
thinks, it will pave the way and become the determiner if there would be
a chance for a change to occur. The effects of colonialism can be seen
in two ways as with all things in this world, as either positive or
negative and it should be accepted as such.
While
colonialism showed that something as important to the people like
tradition and culture can be erased or changed, it is undeniable that
colonialism has also brought on positive changes for the people. In the
end though, what matters is that it is important to not lose one's sense
of identity in the process of change and still keep one's own pride in
heritage, culture and tradition—while people embrace modernity, one
should never forget one's history.
Development of Television & it's performance as a means of Education
Class:- M.A.Sem-4
Paper No.:- 15 Mass Communication & Media Studies-An Introduction
Assignment Topic:- Development of Television & it's performance as a means of Education
Submitted To:- MKBU Dept Of English
Year:- 2015-17
Introduction of Television:-
How can we say that television is more important in our life? Can we
imagine world without television. Radio, TV, Computer or any other tools
through us get information. Television also includes so many programmes
to children to adult. It’s not measure any age group. Entertainment,
knowledge, news of whole world, education, politics, economics, these
all things are included in this. So, without television we can’t imagine
our world.
Television in India is a huge
industry which has thousands of programmes in many languages. The small
screen has produced numerous celebrities, of whom, a few attain national
fame, and go on to become members of the two houses, Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha. More than half of all Indian households own a television.
As of 2012, the country has a collection of over 823 channels of which
184 are pay channels.
The story of Indian Television:-
For
more than a decade, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
managed to hold out against demands from educational institutions,
industrialists, politicians and indeed the middle classes in urban areas
for the introduction of Television. But the 1959, Philips made an offer
to the Government of a transmitter at a reduced cost. Earlier Philip
demonstrated its use at an exhibition in New Delhi. The Government gave
in, with the aim of employing it on an experimental basis ‘to train
personnel, and partly to discover what TV could achieve in community
development and formal education A UNESCO grant of 20,000 for the
purchase of community receivers and a United States offer of some
equipment proved much too tempting to resist, and on September 15, 1959,
the Delhi Television centre went on air.
Entertainment
and information programmes were introduced from August 1965, in
addition to social education programmes for which purpose alone TV had
been introduced in the capital. The Federal Republic of Germany helped
in setting up a TV production studio.
In
1977, terrestrial transmitter were put up at Jaipur, Hyderabad, Raipur,
Gulbarga, Sambhalpur and Muzaffarpur, to, extend Television coverage to a
population of more than 100 million. For the first time in the history
of Indian broadcasting, political parties shared equal Radio and TV time
with the ruling party for their election campaigns. At the close of the
1990s, there were 58 million Television sets in the country, with
around 15 million connected to neighborhood cable networks.
Television Channels and networks:-
The
central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in
1991 under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. Under the new policies the
government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited
operations in India. This process has been pursued consistently by all
subsequent federal administrations.
Foreign channels like CNN, STAR TV and private domestic channels such as Zee TV, ETV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1995, TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.
Foreign channels like CNN, STAR TV and private domestic channels such as Zee TV, ETV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1995, TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.
Cable Television:-
As
per the TAM Annual Universe Update – 2015, India now has over 167
million households with television sets, of which over 161 million have
access to Cable TV or Satellite TV, including 84 million households
which are DTH subscribers.
Digital TV households have grown by 32% since 2013 due to migration from terrestrial and analog broadcasts. TV owning households have been growing at between 8-10%. Digital TV penetration is at 64% as of September 2014.
The growth in digital broadcast has been due to the introduction of a multi-phase digitization policy by the Government of India. An ordinance was introduced by the Govt. of India regarding the mandatory digitization of the Cable Services.
Digital TV households have grown by 32% since 2013 due to migration from terrestrial and analog broadcasts. TV owning households have been growing at between 8-10%. Digital TV penetration is at 64% as of September 2014.
The growth in digital broadcast has been due to the introduction of a multi-phase digitization policy by the Government of India. An ordinance was introduced by the Govt. of India regarding the mandatory digitization of the Cable Services.
According to this amendment made in
the section 9 of the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment
Ordinance, 1995, the I&B ministry is in the process of making
Digital Addressable System mandatory. As per the policy, viewers would
be able to access digital services only through a set top box (STB).It
is also estimated that India now has over 823 TV channels covering all
the main languages spoken in the nation.
Star
TV Network introduced five major television channels into the Indian
broadcasting space that had so far been monopolized by the Indian
government-owned Doordarshan:
MTV
Star Plus
Star Movies
BBC
Prime Sports
Star Chinese Channel
MTV
Star Plus
Star Movies
BBC
Prime Sports
Star Chinese Channel
Soon
after, India saw the launch of Zee TV, the first privately owned Indian
channel to broadcast over cable followed by Asia Television Network
(ATN). A few years later CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic
Channel made their foray into India.
Throughout
the 1990s, along with a multitude of Hindi -language channels, several
regional and English language channels flourished all over India. By
2001, international channels HBO and History Channel started providing
service.
In 1999–2003, other international
channels such as Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon
Disney entered the market. Starting in 2003, there has been an explosion
of news channels in various languages; the most notable among them are
NDTV, CNN IBN and Aaj Tak.
The most recent
channels/networks in the Indian broadcasting industry include UTV
Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM. There are several more
new channels in the pipeline, including Leader TV.
Conditional Access System:-
CAS
or conditional access system is a digital mode of transmitting TV
channels through a set-top box (STB). The transmission signals are
encrypted and viewers need to buy a set-top box to receive and decrypt
the signal. The STB is required to watch only pay channels.
It
was decided by the government that CAS would be first introduced in the
four metros. It has been in place in Chennai since September 2003,
where until very recently it had managed to attract very few
subscribers. It has been rolled out recently in the other three metros
of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata.
As of April
2008 only 25 per cent of the people have subscribed the new technology.
The rest watch only free-to-air channels. As mentioned above, the
inhibiting factor from the viewer's perspective is the cost of the STB.
Satellite Television:-
As of 2012, over 823 TV satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includes channels from the state-owned Doordarshan, News Corporation owned Star TV, Sony owned Sony Entertainment Television, Zee TV, Sun Network and Asia net.
Direct to Home service is provided by Airtel Digital TV, BIG TV owned by Reliance, DD Direct Plus, Dish TV, Sun Direct DTH, Tata Sky and Videocon D2H. Dish TV was the first one to come up in Indian Market, others came only years later.
As of 2012, over 823 TV satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includes channels from the state-owned Doordarshan, News Corporation owned Star TV, Sony owned Sony Entertainment Television, Zee TV, Sun Network and Asia net.
Direct to Home service is provided by Airtel Digital TV, BIG TV owned by Reliance, DD Direct Plus, Dish TV, Sun Direct DTH, Tata Sky and Videocon D2H. Dish TV was the first one to come up in Indian Market, others came only years later.
Tata Sky Dish India:-
These services are provided by locally built satellites from ISRO such as INSAT 4CR, INSAT 4A, INSAT-2E, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E as well as private satellites such as the Dutch-based SES, Global-owned NSS6, Thaicom-2 and Telstar 10.
Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the consumer through a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has ensured that free-to-air channels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a set-top box, DTH signals cannot be received without the set-top box.
These services are provided by locally built satellites from ISRO such as INSAT 4CR, INSAT 4A, INSAT-2E, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E as well as private satellites such as the Dutch-based SES, Global-owned NSS6, Thaicom-2 and Telstar 10.
Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the consumer through a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has ensured that free-to-air channels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a set-top box, DTH signals cannot be received without the set-top box.
Internet Protocol Television:-
IPTV a joint venture between MTNL and BSNL also in association with Aksh Optifiber a company that also provides FTTH and VoIP services available in some of the main cities in India such as Mumbai which has about 200 Television Channels on offer with Time Shift TV in a number of Basic and Premium Packages including Movies on Demand offered at various Basic, Premium and Pay Per View Rates and other services such as an Interactive Karaoke channel, The IPTV Operator uses the UT Star com Rolling Stream IPTV Solution as its end-to-end Delivery Platform.
IPTV a joint venture between MTNL and BSNL also in association with Aksh Optifiber a company that also provides FTTH and VoIP services available in some of the main cities in India such as Mumbai which has about 200 Television Channels on offer with Time Shift TV in a number of Basic and Premium Packages including Movies on Demand offered at various Basic, Premium and Pay Per View Rates and other services such as an Interactive Karaoke channel, The IPTV Operator uses the UT Star com Rolling Stream IPTV Solution as its end-to-end Delivery Platform.
ROLE OF TELEVISION IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION:-
Television
has been given considerable importance in many countries as a source
and a tool of teaching. The success stories of using television for
education in many countries has negated the concept that television is
basically on entertainment oriented medium and it is hostile to
thoughts. Television is adaptable and can follow different approaches
when used in the different educational situations. The medium is used
for formal, non-formal and informal education. To support formal
education, television usually function as supportive and reinforcement
tool. Television can be attached with school curriculum and time
tables. When systematically organized it takes the form of school
broadcast. In non-formal education, television has a more specific role
to play. When used as a part of multi-media communication tool,
television can directly or indirectly teach the subject matter.
Importance
of television to communicate information, idea, skills and attitudes
has been affirmed by researches. You should attempt to study various
reports published on educational television in different countries in
different situations. In the words of Director BBC “next to home and
school I believer television to have a more profound influence on human
race then any other medium of communication.”
If media is to work as an effective teaching tool then certainly it is helping hand towards, achieving the aim and objectives of education. Media is an agent of boost cultural economic and social development activity. Television, as an important mass medium disseminates education through formal and information methods.
Television also continues to benefit the masses by making them conscious of the environment, rights, duties and privilege. It is a source of teaching etiquettes, language skills, hobbies, social relations and religious believes.
Role of television is neither fixed nor easily tangible and measurable. The role is directly related to the question of how the planners are serious and determined to use television. The role could either be enormous or, on the contrary very meager depending upon the specific tasks and available resources. Generally television can help to achieve the following objectives:-
a) Social quality in education
b) Enhance quality in education
c) Reduce dependency on verbal teaching and teachers
d) Provide flexibility of time and space in learning.
e) Stimulates learning
f) Provide mass education opportunities.
As far the impact of education television it should rather be studied in more narrow and specific areas. In the world of scram; TV is more effective in teaching mathematic, science and social studies. Where as history, humanities, and literature has not benefited from this medium the same degree.
The impact of television on macro level should be studied in three areas namely;
i) Teacher’s Competencies
ii) Student’s Competencies
iii) Effects on general viewers
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES OF AIOU
AIOU is a distance learning institution. Students in this system are not supposed to come at campus for class study. However, the “open learning system” of AIOU is not absolutely parallel to that of independent studies by the private and external students who are registered with the boards or universities and appear only for the final examination. They get degree on successful completion of terms. AIOU learning system is more systematic and disciplined.
For the purpose of educational programme of AIOU, electronic media is used for a variety of purposes depending on the requirement of the courses and teaching methodologies. Follow is the summary of various uses of television;
i) To show practical application of principle already written in the textbooks and to show the laboratory work and demonstrations.
ii) To humanize distance education and to improve language skills and teaching skills by showing model teaching techniques.
iii) To show real life situation and microscope things on magnified scale
iv) Animations, dramatic presentations, slow motions and case studies.
AIOU has so far produced more than four hundred television programmes and many non-broadcast audio-visual cassettes. Slide tapes and flip charts are also used as visual media. Television is used in sciences, technical and vocational subjects. The demonstration through television helps to substitute the laboratory experiments. In social science and language, television is used to show real life situation. Television also helps to understand information, which is too complex for the written or spoken explanation.
If media is to work as an effective teaching tool then certainly it is helping hand towards, achieving the aim and objectives of education. Media is an agent of boost cultural economic and social development activity. Television, as an important mass medium disseminates education through formal and information methods.
Television also continues to benefit the masses by making them conscious of the environment, rights, duties and privilege. It is a source of teaching etiquettes, language skills, hobbies, social relations and religious believes.
Role of television is neither fixed nor easily tangible and measurable. The role is directly related to the question of how the planners are serious and determined to use television. The role could either be enormous or, on the contrary very meager depending upon the specific tasks and available resources. Generally television can help to achieve the following objectives:-
a) Social quality in education
b) Enhance quality in education
c) Reduce dependency on verbal teaching and teachers
d) Provide flexibility of time and space in learning.
e) Stimulates learning
f) Provide mass education opportunities.
As far the impact of education television it should rather be studied in more narrow and specific areas. In the world of scram; TV is more effective in teaching mathematic, science and social studies. Where as history, humanities, and literature has not benefited from this medium the same degree.
The impact of television on macro level should be studied in three areas namely;
i) Teacher’s Competencies
ii) Student’s Competencies
iii) Effects on general viewers
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES OF AIOU
AIOU is a distance learning institution. Students in this system are not supposed to come at campus for class study. However, the “open learning system” of AIOU is not absolutely parallel to that of independent studies by the private and external students who are registered with the boards or universities and appear only for the final examination. They get degree on successful completion of terms. AIOU learning system is more systematic and disciplined.
For the purpose of educational programme of AIOU, electronic media is used for a variety of purposes depending on the requirement of the courses and teaching methodologies. Follow is the summary of various uses of television;
i) To show practical application of principle already written in the textbooks and to show the laboratory work and demonstrations.
ii) To humanize distance education and to improve language skills and teaching skills by showing model teaching techniques.
iii) To show real life situation and microscope things on magnified scale
iv) Animations, dramatic presentations, slow motions and case studies.
AIOU has so far produced more than four hundred television programmes and many non-broadcast audio-visual cassettes. Slide tapes and flip charts are also used as visual media. Television is used in sciences, technical and vocational subjects. The demonstration through television helps to substitute the laboratory experiments. In social science and language, television is used to show real life situation. Television also helps to understand information, which is too complex for the written or spoken explanation.
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