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Name:Gohil Poojaba S.
Roll No.:18
Std:MA Sem:1
Sub:Literary theory and criticism
Topic:Views of Wordsworth and Coleridge on poetry as a critique.
Submitted to:Department of English MKBU
Introduction:
Wordsworth himself was a critique of his own poetry.as his poetry,he also depicts ideas of criticism in two different voices.out of them one of the Preface and second of Lyrical Ballads.there he strongly applied his poetry with particular humanistic values of the European enlightenment.
Wordsworth`s views on poetry as a critique:
His preface fixed and interrelated,connected norms that are the essential,the elementary,the simple,the universe and the permenant.sub matter of his poetry are like the essential passions of the heart,elementary feelings,the great and simple affections,the great and universe passions of men and there character are also with simple elements,who now exist probably.as it,human qualities interact with lasting forms of nature.
Secondly,critical note has in the essay supplymentry to the preface,poem of 1815.
Here,wordsworth addressed himself to explain or justify aspects of novelty and strangeness in poetry that evokes from critics.wordsworth claims that as a community of nature where poetry shares the distinctive quality of Christianity.
With complexity and revolutionary wordsworth`s poems depicts the pathetic emotions.for as one of the poets who combine the heroic passions of pagan antiquity submitted humanity.
Wordsworth`s enormous poetic legacy rests on a large number of poems written by himself,yet continued themes run through in poetry remained consistent continuously include that,here language and imagery that used in it to embody also remained remarkably consistent.they remained consistent to the cannons wordsworth had set out the preface to lyrical ballad 1802,he notes preface to defence,himself from the nagetive reviews.
About the use of language,wordsworth told that poetry should be written in the real language of common man,rather than in the lofty and elaborate dictions that has elements of so called poetry.according to him,poetry should have the main aim of pleasure and has to chief duty to provide only on delight that marked as the necked and native dignify of man.
Wordsworth`s poetic creed imitated the romantic era by emphasizing feelings,instinct and pleasure above before himself,he also gave expression to inchoate human emotions.
Definition of poetry:
For all good is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings,and through this is true,poems to which any value can be attached were never produced on any variety of subject but by a man who being possessed of more than usual thought long and deeply.
Objects:
The principal object and then proposed in wordswprth`s poem was to select incidents and situations from common life,and to connect and narrater that throughout as far as possible in a selection of language that truly used by men,and at the same time,to throw over them a certain coloring of imagination whereby common things should be presented to the mind in an unusual aspects,after that except all this,to make it situations and incidents interestingly by tracking in them,truly through not ostentatiously,the primary laws of our nature we associated ideas in a state of excitements.
Humble and rustic life:
To convey or deliver a clear,plain and more emphatic language and to grasp required maturity with essential passions of the heart founded a better soil,one must select humble and rustic life.
And that`s why may be wordsworth`s views,ideas are the most revolutionary of all the thought in his preface on poetic style.many modern writers gaudiness and inane phraseology discarded by wordsworth.he only insists that his poems are written in selection of language of men in a state of vivid sensesition.
The function of poetry:
According to wordsworth,poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge.the impassioned expression on that is in the countenance of all science.
Poetry seeks to ennoble and edify.it is like morning star that throws lights on the darkness with full shining radiance and disappeares the black night of life.the poet is a teacher and through the medium of poetry he imparts moral lessons for the betterment of human life.
Poetry is used as an instrument for the propagation of moral ideas,thoughts.wordsworth`s poetry does not simply delight or please us,but it teaches us deep morality and opens the doors of deep philosophical truths of life and religion even.
Wordsworth belives that poetry of revolt against moral ideas is poetry of revolt against life,poetry of indifference towards moral ideas is poetry of indifference towards life.
Coleridge`s views on poetry as a critique:
Introduction:
Into three different classes we can see the works of Coleridge is naturally or basically devided themselves;
1)the poetic
2)the critical
3)the philosophical
That is inner corresponding with the early,the middle and the further period of his own career.
Stopford brooke`s statement on his poetry:
All that he did excellently might be bound up in twenty pages,but it should be bound in pure gold.
Coleridge`s two cardinal points of poetry:
The power of exciting the sympathy of the reader by a faithful adnerence to the truth of nature and
The power of giving the interest of novelty by modifying with the colors of imaginations.
For the first type of poetry,the treatment and subject matter should be,to quote Coleridge;
The sudden charm which accidents of light and shade which moonlight or sunset diffuses over a known and famalier land scape,appeared to represent the practicability of combining both.these poetry of nature.
In such poems,
Subjects were chosen from ordinary life.
Characters were chosen from village life.
With meditative and feeling mind to seek after them to notice them,when they present themselves.
And in the second types of poets,the incidents and agents were to be supernatural.to explain it in better way,lets look on Coleridge`s quote:
The excellence aimed at was to consists in the dramatic truth of such emotions as would naturally accompany such situations,supposing them real.and real in this sense they have been to every sourse of delusion,has at any time believed him under supernatural agency.
So here,by supernatural elements natural will be dealt with the help of imagination and from that readers may comprehended it with willing suspension of disbelief.
Lets discuss how the comparison between wordsworth and Coleridge`s works;
Wordsworth and Coleridge came together early in the time and matually arouses various theories which wordsworth embodied in his preface to the lyrical ballads and also tried to put into practice in his own poems.coleridge here claimed credit on his theories and argued that they were Half children of his brains.yet after that,on his views underwent the change,he no longer agree with wordsworth`s theories and so starts to criticized them.
Lets glimps over on three major important statements of wordsworth of his preface which have been objects of Coleridge`s censure.
First of all wordsworth writes that he select law rustic life,where the essential or prime passions of the arts can find a better soul to attend their maturity.they are even less under restrained and voices a plain,simple and more emphatic language.in that rustic life,basic feelings coexist in greater simplicity and better accurately contemplated and more forcibly communicated.the manners of rular life,spring from that primary emotions and from the redusive rustic occupations personalities,are more easily realized and darable.with the beautiful and perminant forms of nature the passions of man are incorporated at the end.
Then secondly,the language of those man is even adopted as they are hourly communicative with better objects from the best part of language is originally derived.being less under social vanity,they convey the emotions and thoughts in very simple and outright expressions as their rank in society and equality and narrow circle made of their intercourse.
At last,he made a number of statesments regarding the language and the diction of poetry.here Coleridge denies the further parts,a selection or the real language of man.the language of the man in law and the rustic life.and between the language of prose and that of metrical composition on there neither is,nor even can be,any primary difference regarding the very first statement,the choice of rustic characters and life,Coleridge pointed here firstly that not all wordsworth`s characters are rustic.
For example:
Character in poems such as Rath,Micheal,are not law and rustic.
Then,their languages and sentiments do not required arises from their abode or occupations.they all are attributable to causes of the similar emotions and language,yet it has various occupations.there causes are mainly two independence that raises men above all limits,and a industrious domenstic life and a stronge religious educations that makes a man well versed in the bible and some other spiritual books excluded with other books.from these two causes,the admirable qualities in the language and sentiments of wordsworth`s characters resulted.also if they had a city life,away from nature,they would have the same sentiments and languages.
In the defence of Coleridge,men will not be propited from a life in ruler solitudes unless they had natural sensibilities and perfect education.due to lack of this advantage,the mind hardens and a man grows as sensual gross and hardheated.
Coieridge claimes to wordsworth`s use of the words like,Very or Real and adviced that Ordinary or Generally must be there.and in return wordsworth also included of that words in a state of excitement.that is worthless for sentimental excitement may resulted in an intense expressions but it can not create a nobel and richer vocabulary.
To wordsworth`s argument about have it no essential difference in between the language of poetry and prose.coleridge replies that there is and ought to be,an essential difference between both reasons.
For a better understanding lets see his quote as a support:
Language is both a matter and the arrengements of words,words both in prose and poetry may be the same but there arrengements is different.the difference arises from the fact that poetry uses meter and meter reduced a difference arrengments of words.meter is not a mere superficial decoration,but an essential organic part of a poem.even the metaphors and similes used by poets are different in quality of frequently to prose.
There is bound to be an primary difference between arrengements of words of poetry or prose,there is that difference even in the poems of wordsworth which only considered most wordsworthial,further it can`t be clear even that the language of prose and poetry are identical and so convertible.there may be some lines or passages that can be used both in prose and poetry except all.
Another argument is like:
Wordsworth and Coleridge both were interested in representation of psychological various characters in the lyrical ballads.the poems,in bulliding sympathy for the disenfranchised character that drawed,even implicity cricized England`s poor laws.which made it necessary to people for lise all material possessions before they could get one kind of financial assistance from the community.
Conclusion:
To sum up,we can say that wordsworth is a man speaking to man,a man;its true;endowed with more enthusiasism and tenderness.having a better knowledge of human nature and a better comprehensive soul,than one suppose to be common among mankind.
So Coleridge,is the very first English critic,who based his literary criticism on philosophical objects,while critics before that time had been content to turn a poem inside out and to discourse on its limits and qualities,Coleridge busied himself with the question of How it come to be there at all.he was more interested in the creative prosses that made it,what it was,then in the finished ultimate product model.
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